I.1 CONCEPT.
- A speedway ring (sometimes also referred to as a ring road) is generally an urban expressway (VRU) or a motorway-type lane allowing through traffic to bypass a road. city, its city center or an agglomeration and to connect the various highways which lead there.
- Due to the classification of most of these roads as expressways or motorways, they are generally prohibited for cycles, pedestrians, animal-drawn vehicles or, in some countries, vehicles without registration. They are therefore mainly used by cars, motorcycles and heavy vehicles.
- By definition, a peripheral ring goes around it completely, as opposed to a bypass which only goes around a city but has the same characteristics in terms of roads.
- Peripheral lanes are usually experienced with at least two traffic lanes in each direction. The two directions of circulation can be designated “inner peripheral” and “outer peripheral” (depending on their location inside or outside the ring).
- MALEBO BELT WAY of 325 km in circumference, a true modern 4-lane highway for high-speed use of 80 km/hour and supported by 15 meters high pylons in order to relieve congestion in the city of Kinshasa province, which is congested on 530 km of roads crossing 24 municipalities.
- 130 exit and entry cabins are planned for every 5km of road links relayed and grafted onto the belt in order to disengage the urban arteries with heavy traffic jams during rush hour:
Intercommunal arteries
a) Main arterial roads with large traffic jams and frequencies
- Avenue Kasa-Vubu crosses; (Gombe, Kinshasa, Kasa-Vubu, Kalamu, Ngiri-Ngiri, Bumbu, Bandalungwa, Kintambo)
- Chaussées M’zée Laurent Désiré Kabila with first crossing of Avenue Nguma and then, the Route de Matadi defines in national n ° 1 track (Ngaliema and Mont-Ngafula to Moanda at Kongo Central);
- Avenue Pierre Mulele passes (Gombe, Lingwala, Ngiri-Ngiri, Bandalungwa, Bumbu, Ngaliema, Selembao)
- Boulevard Lumumba crosses (Limete, Masina, Matete, N’djili, Kimbanseke, N’sele and Maluku to become National No. 2 after Mongata to Lubumbashi in Haut-Katanga province)
- By-Pass goes through (Lemba, Matete, Ngaba, Makala, Selembao, Mont-Ngafula)
- Boulevard triumphal household: (Lingwala, Ngiri-Ngiri, Kasa-Vubu, Kinshasa and Kalamu)
- University Avenue crosses (Kalamu, Limete, Ngaba, Makala, Lemba);
- Poids Lourds (Gombe, Barumbu, Limete and Matete).
b) Secondary roads with medium traffic jams
- Avenue Luambo Makiadi (Kalamu, Kinshasa & Gombe)
- Avenue Kabambare (Lingwala, Kinshasa & Barumbu)
- Avenue Gitega (Lingwala, Kinshasa & Barumbu)
- Avenue Tshuapa (Lingwala, Kinshasa & Barumbu)
- Avenue Lac Moero (Lingwala, Kinshasa & Barumbu)
- Avenue Kato (Barumbu & Kinshasa)
- Avenue Plateau (Gombe & Kinshasa)
- Avenue Kabinda (Kinshasa, Lingwala & Barumbu)
- Avenue Kasaï (Barumbu, Kinshasa & Gombe)
- Avenue Rwakadingi (Kinshasa & Gombe)
- Avenue Croix rouge (Barumbu, Kinshasa & Lingwala)
- Avenue Itaga (Barumbu, Kinshasa & Lingwala))
Auxiliary roads few traffic jams
- Boulevard Luemba (N’djili & Kimbanseke)
- Chaussée Gare Kimwenza (Mont-Ngafula & Lemba)
- Huilerie (Gombe, Lingwala, & Kinshasa)
- Assossa (Kasa-Vubu, Ngiri-Ngiri & Bumbu)
- Gambela (Kasa-Vubu, Ngiri-Ngiri & Bumbu)
- Ethiopie (Kasa-Vubu, Ngiri-Ngiri & Bumbu)
- Birmanie (Kasa-Vubu, Ngiri-Ngiri & Bumbu)
- Avenue Victoire (Kasa-Vubu & Kalamu)
- Boulevard Mbenza Ntubi (Matete & Kisenso)
- Shaba (Kasa-Vubu, Ngiri-Ngiri & Bumbu)
- Elengese (Kalamu, Makala & Selembao)
- Kianza (Lemba, Ngaba e&t Makala)
- Shaumba (Gombe, Ngaliema & Kintambo)
I.2 Context
- Kinshasa has become a cosmopolitan city with several urban problems that create huge traffic jams;The rural exodus has become a real caliber of influx of demand for transport against the supply of paltry means of transport;
- The SCTP urban train is practically dilapidated and serves somewhat to 5% of its capacity 30 years ago;
- Public transport companies are bankrupt and those that are emerging or are resisting are experiencing enormous difficulties due to heavy operating costs and low traffic rates in the face of competition from private companies;
- The practice of low tariffs fixed by the public authorities without measuring costs creates enormous difficulties in covering undervalued operating costs;
- The roads are in too advanced a state of disrepair and leave no chance of good road traffic for passengers and their goods;
- The city contents practically 30% of asphalting of the main roads on 564Km and 70% has been completely impassable for several years;
- No reliable statistics on the density of the population accommodated by means of transport and urbanized road arteries;
- Despite the widening of certain arteries (Poids Lourds, Boulevard Lumumba, 30 Juin, Colonel Mondjiba, Route de Matadi, By-Pass, etc.) the other sections keep their colonial conditions;
- Traffic jams are increasing in the face of a high concentration of populations of passengers at peak hours (5 am-9.30am) and (3 pm-8pm) coming from peripheral municipalities and heading towards the single route of workplaces or business mainly to Gombe 60%, Limete 25%, Kalamu 10% and Kintambo 5%.
A. GENERAL OBJECTIVE
- Relieve congestion from the congested city towards the “MALEBO BELT WAY” ring road;
- Recreate and readjust the public transport system to international standards:
- Facilitate the movement of people and their goods by keeping potential traffic jams away from main arteries;
- Save working time for users by a fast and modern passage surrounding the capital on the outskirts of large cities;
- Decapitate traffic jams on the main arteries and reorient the “round trips” frequencies on the Peripheral belt;
- Redefine and deselect useful traffic and promote new road traffic;
A. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
- The main objective is to offer a faster road axis of displacement and bypass than if one circulated in the center of the bypassed city.
- Restore a new landscape of the city province of Kinshasa and facilitate the movement of people and their goods in record time and useful;
- Redefine the city’s road mapping and the new urban planning and habitat system towards Maluku and N’sele in order to quickly accommodate investments in buildings, bridges, roads, water and electricity infrastructure as well as tourist complexes, sports, artistic and cultural induced by the “Peripheral Belt” “MALEBO BELT WAY”;
- Reduce the risks of traffic jams, accidents, insecurity and the isolation of traffic frequently limited to Gombe, Limete, Kalamu and Kintambo
II.1 Justification
- With more than 14.6 million people living in 24 municipalities over an area of 9965.2Km2, Kinshasa is suffocating at a density of 1.478 hab/Km2 without means of transport;
- With more than at least 500 buses from the company Transco, of which 300 are currently operational, over a section of 564 km, the potential demand rises to 48,667 passengers per bus, which is unachievable without a Malebo belt and other buses;
- The SCTP train overflows at 10,500 passengers per day while its capacity is 100 passengers per car with 20 locomotives, ie 2,000 passengers, the belt appears to redefine this passenger load on a fast track;
- Kinshasa currently accommodates more than 50,451 car taxis called “Ketch” with 4 places, which supposes an average traffic of 201,804 passengers per day in front of a strong potential demand of 14,600,000 inhabitants, that is to say a capacity of 1.4% for these. taxis;
- Kinshasa should no longer accommodate a frequency of 500 to 1000 vehicles per hour on the main arteries during peak hours and to stop this mobility, a belt is worth it;
- Arteries such as Blvd 30Juin, Lumumba, Avenue Kasa-Vubu, Sendwe, University, Heavy Duty and By-Pass are saturated at rush hour, they deserve to be cleared by the belt otherwise, they are endless and insurmountable traffic jams daily;
- The imposition of a toll tax on the “Malebo Belt Way” ring road will be one of the possibilities to build up resources to rehabilitate the secondary roads relaying this belt.
II.2 Signage
A. PRESENTATION OF THE GRV GROUP – Global Resources Ventures
GRV is a Société par Actions à Responsabilités Limitées S.A.R.L under Congolese law and active in various sectors, mainly telecommunications, the agro-food industry, health and education, lottery, transport and logistics.
It was created on July 16, 2013 according to Congolese legislation with the legal nature of: Société par Actions à Responsabilités Limitées (SARL) and registered under the RCCM CD / KNG / RCCM / 13-B-0549 and the national identity number 01-000 -N74987B. At start-up, its share capital was US $ 2,000; In addition to the health activity, this company deals with other sectors, mainly: Agriculture, Livestock, Agri-Food and Pastoral, Forests, Mines, Telecommunications and Transport. It has as Manager, Mr. Maurice-Castel MANGO BALIMAKA.
 Global Resources Ventures SARL. 17 Avenue Tunga, Q / UPN Télécom Kinshasa, R.D.Congoo |
 Consortium for International Commerce & Industry. 5815 Winding Woods TRL Dallas USA |
B. KINSHASA BASIC INDICATORS
- Geographic position: West of the province
- Area: 9,965 km2 (37 km of Atlantic coast)
- GDP growth rate: 2.7% (2017)
- Borders: Kongo-Central in the West, Maï-Ndombe in the East and Brazzaville in the North
- Municipalities: 24
- Plateau: 1280 ha
- Congo River: 106 km long
- Road network: 546 km
- Rail network: 105 k
- Air network: 2 aerodromes including 1 international airport
- Maritime, river and lake network 109 km.
- GDP / Inhabitant in USD Current USD 424.2 (2017)
- Inflation rate: 1.815% (December 2017)
- GDP (at current prices): 37.39 billion USD (in 2017);
- National currency: Congolese franc
C. CARTOGRAPHY
- Kinshasa has a tropical savanna climate with a dry season. The annual average temperature is 25.3 ° C and the annual precipitation is 1273.9 mm. The driest months are July and August with only 3mm of precipitation and March and April the wettest with 196mm of precipitation;
- The city-province covers an area of 9,965 km2 composed of a large plateau (Kwango Plateau), a chain of hills (Ngaliema, Amba, Ngafula mountains), a plain and marshes on the edge of Pool Malebo. The plain is the most populated part and extends in the form of a crescent from the bay of Ngaliema in the west to the Kwango plateau in the east of Pool Malebo;
- The annual temperature variations in the Kinshasa region are around 13 degrees Celsius. The climate is equatorial in nature (hot and humid), consisting of a rainy season of 8 months. The dry season is from mid-May to mid-September. The rest of the year is relatively rainy, especially around March or November;
- Several rivers of various sizes cross the plains of the city-province, generally taking source in the hills, flowing from South to North, to empty into the Congo River. Smaller-sized lakes, such as Lac Ma Vallée and Lac Vert, are also located there;
- The four urban districts of the city of Kinshasa are totally unequal in terms of area, population numbers, level of urbanization, standard of living and the quality of basic infrastructure.
Table n ° 1 Distribution of population density in the city of Kinshasa province
| Communes | Superficie (km2) | Population | % | Densité de (hab. /km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bandalungwa | 6.82 | 452 926,25 | 3.09 | 66 411,47 |
| Barumbu | 4.72 | 364 561,44 | 2.49 | 77 237,59 |
| Bumbu | 5.3 | 579 451,84 | 3.95 | 109 330,54 |
| Gombe | 29.33 | 66 976,48 | 0.46 | 2 283,55 |
| Kalamu | 6.64 | 555 001,92 | 3.79 | 83 584,63 |
| Kasa-Vubu | 5.05 | 376 883,20 | 2.57 | 74 630,34 |
| Kimbanseke | 237.78 | 1 965 614,72 | 13.41 | 8 266,53 |
| Kinshasa | 2.87 | 290 148,32 | 1.98 | 101 096,98 |
| Kintambo | 2.72 | 187 918,72 | 1.28 | 69 087,76 |
| Kisenso | 16.6 | 879 625,76 | 6 | 52 989,50 |
| Lemba | 23.7 | 615 714,88 | 4.2 | 25 979,53 |
| Limete | 67.6 | 661 277,76 | 4.51 | 9 782,22 |
| Lingwala | 2.88 | 166 557,60 | 1.14 | 57 832,50 |
| Makala | 5.6 | 546 765,44 | 3.73 | 97 636,69 |
| Maluku | 7948.8 | 416 180,48 | 2.84 | 52.36 |
| Masina | 69.93 | 953 893,92 | 6.51 | 13 640,70 |
| Matete | 4.88 | 473 054,56 | 3.23 | 96 937,41 |
| Mont-Ngafula | 358.92 | 459 367,04 | 3.13 | 1 279,86 |
| Ndjili | 11.4 | 878 162,88 | 5.99 | 77 031,83 |
| Ngaba | 4 | 717 944,00 | 4.9 | 179 486,00 |
| Ngaliema | 224.3 | 1 902 317,60 | 12.98 | 8 481,13 |
| Ngiri-Ngiri | 3.4 | 307 723,68 | 2.1 | 90 506,96 |
| Nsele | 898.79 | 248 035,04 | 1.69 | 275.97 |
| Selembao | 23.18 | 590 622,56 | 4.03 | 25 479,83 |
| Total | 9965.21 | 14 656 726,09 | 100 | 1 114 164,65 |
Source : Institut National de la Statistique (INS)/Ambassy Usa/PNUD/2017
Fig. N°1 Distribution of the population in percentages
II.2 Transport capacity
A. EVOLUTION OF PASSENGER TRAFFIC IN THE CITY OF KINSHASA
- Minibuses and cars, taxis and buses represent the most common means of transport in the city of Kinshasa province since 2017 at 73% of demand.
- Motorcycles as a fast medium only cover 15.80% of demand.
- The least suitable means represent 22% of demand.
Table n ° 2 Breakdown of passenger traffic in % in Kinshasa
| Districts | Centres | Périphéries | Interurbains | Moyenne |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Train | 0.4 % | 3.2 % | 0.2 % | 1.27 % |
| Voiture | 38.2 % | 28.5 % | 32.2 % | 32.97 % |
| Bus | 14.5 % | 13.4 % | 7.5 % | 11.8 % |
| Mini-Bus | 16.6 % | 23.8 % | 46.6 % | 29 % |
| Motos | 17.3 % | 16.6 % | 13.5 % | 15.8 % |
| Pirogue | 0 | 1.1 % | 0 | 0.37 % |
| Baleinière | 0 | 2.2 % | 0 | 0.73 % |
| Total | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % | 100 % |
Source: Hôtel de ville/Ministère des Transports
Fig n°2 Distribution of passenger traffic in % in Kinshasa
B. AVERAGE COST OF URBAN TRAFFIC IN KINSHASA
Table n°3 Average prices of urban traffic in Congolese francs in Kinshas
| Engins | Centres | Périphéries | Interurbains | Location (1 à 2H) | Location en $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Train | 500 FC | 500 FC | 500 FC | 0 | 0 |
| Voiture | 500 FC | 1500 FC | 750 FC | 16500 FC | 10 $ |
| Bus | 500 FC | 800 FC | 500 FC | 165000 FC | 100 $ |
| Minibus | 400 FC | 1000 FC | 750 FC | 132000 FC | 80 $ |
| Motos | 500 FC | 1500 FC | 1000 FC | 24750 FC | 15 $ |
| Pirogue | 0 | 500 FC | 0 FC | 8250 FC | 5 $ |
| Baleinière | 0 | 500 FC | 0 FC | 33000 FC | 20 $ |
B. FREQUENCIES OF VEHICLES AT RUSH HOURS
During rush hour, the city of Kinshasa is overwhelmed by the influx of vehicles creating huge traffic jams per km. The frequency is estimated at 345,600 vehicles
Table n°4 Average frequency of vehicles per hour / District
| Districts | Kms route | Fréq. / Heure | Fréq. / 12 heures | Fréq. / heure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mont-Amba | 124 | 4500 | 54000 | 36 |
| Lukunga | 201 | 10520 | 126240 | 52 |
| Funa | 86 | 6200 | 74400 | 72 |
| Tshangu | 135 | 7580 | 90960 | 56 |
| Total | 546 | 28800 | 345600 |
Source : Hôtel de Ville/OVD/FONER Rapport de la mobilité de transport et voiries urbaine 2018
Fig. n°4 Frequency of vehicles in units per KM / Hour
III.1 Technical feasibility study
A. ROUTES
- The “MALEBO BELT WAY” Peripheral Belt with a circumference of 325 km, a true modern motorwayTraffic with 4 bands for use at high speed of 80km / hour, the trip will increase to 1.300Km;
- The modern and robust Belt that will support pylons every 50 m with 15 m height at each
- The Terminal (TBM) leaves from Beach-Ngobila – Port of Maluku via Kingabwa and Kinkole fisherman with bifurcations (120Km)
- The Terminale (TMM) leaves from Maluku-Mbudi via Mont-Ngafula and Ngaliema (160Km)
- The Terminal (TMB) leaves Mbudi – Beach Ngobila via the coast of the river from Kintambo to Gombe (45Km)
- The 325 km terminals will be linked by existing secondary roads and others to be created in the suburbs
Map of Kinshasa’s 4 districts and 24 communes
Among the relay channels will be put a priori:
- West Coast East: Blvd du 30juin, Poids Lourds, Blvd Lumumba Avenue 14th and 15th rue Kingabwa Limete, Avenue Funa, Avenue Kabasele, Avenue Mobutu, Avenue BKTF, Avenue Hôpital Roi-Baudouin and Avenue SIFORCO, Entrance Kinkole city and between Maluku city.
- Border coast with Kongo-Central East-West Kimweza Road, Matadi Road, Mitendi Road and Tourism Avenue.
- North West Coast along the Congo River Avenue MAMA YEMO, Avenue Sola, Avenue du Tourisme, Nguma, Kasa-Vubu, Comoriko, Colonel Mondjiba and Blvd of June 30, not to mention other sections perpendicular to Blvd of June 30 that will be profit.
- Each relay corridor will have a toll booth for access to the belt, i.e. 5 km away
- The connection to the belt could cover 175 km of roads with bridges and causeways in certain places.
- The average need for journeys initially will be 500 km, including 325 km for the belt and 175 km for the corridors to be defined by technicians.
B. EXIT AND ENTRY CABINS
To allow easy access on the belt and to avoid traffic jams at the entrance, the following will be provided:
- A toll booth every 5km at the entrance and another at the exit and the belt will have 130 cabins
- Access will be automatic once the motorist pays the fees at the booth counter
- A control will be required for traffic on the belt on average 80 km / hour
- In the event of vehicle breakdowns, rolling cranes will be used all along the belt with complete safety
- Traffic on the belt is 24 hours a day with some exceptions with impeccable lighting measures at night.
III.2 CUSTOMERS & SWOT
A. CUSTOMERS
The customers of the “MALEBO BELT WAY” Peripheral Belt will be made up of:
- Motorists, heavy goods vehicles and motorcycles weighing between 0 to 35 tonnes including the load on board
- Motorists without alcohol after the screening test for safety reasons;
- Motorists aged 18 to 65;
- Motorists with a national or international driving license
- No motorist of heavy goods vehicles over 10 tonnes;
B. SWOT
I. Strengths
- The belt will have a traffic monopoly without a lesser competitor;
- The belt will have a strong reputation for regulating road traffic
- It will create direct employment for thousands of job seekers guarding, monitoring and charging fees on the belt;It will represent the barometer of urban tourism in the city province of Kinshasa;
- It will also be considered as one of the essential routes for the speed and convenience of work:
- It will help relieve congestion in the city and fight strongly on the bargaining of public transport fares:
- The endowment of this major infrastructure will open many doors to an economy of scale woven by the high frequency belt
II. Weaknesses
- Adaptation of Congolese motorists to this new technology which will require retraining and training in high speed driving;
- Limited coverage of the belt only in Kinshasa and some resistance from users on the traditional route;
- Great improvement of secondary roads representing the success of the belt upstream
- The supply of electrical energy 24 hours a day throughout the belt
III. Threat
- Unfair competition in the pricing of journeys
- Sabotage by certain users who defraud the tax payable
- Drunk or older motorists with great danger of accidents;
IV Opportunités
- Opening up to modern traffic without traffic jamsIncrease in road and drainage infrastructure in the city;
- Possibility of the expansion of the city to the province of Kwango;
- Organization of markets for urban tourism, architecture and habitats that generate resources for the State;
